EmilePhaneuf.com

Recent Journalism

Emile Phaneuf — Wed, 05 Jan 2011 01:38:15 +0000

I’ve recently written a few articles for The Rio Times, a newspaper in Brazil printed in the English language. I will continue to write for the newspaper from time to time as I can fit it into my busy life schedule. Here are links to these articles along with their abstracts:

Developments in Brazil Energy Sector
January 25, 2011 – The Rio Times
This article discusses new developments in the Brazilian energy sector, including the buying of Brazilian utility company (Elektro) by Iberdrola – Spain’s largest electric company – and plans to revive construction of Angra 3, the country’s third nuclear power reactor.

Slow Start to PAC Development
January 18, 2011 – The Rio Times
Brazil’s Growth Acceleration Program (“the PAC”) began in 2007 with a budget of roughly US$300 billion with plans for public housing provisions, improvements in sanitation, transportation, infrastructure and more. But four years later, only about five percent of the projects have been completed, and the second PAC (PAC2) is already underway with even more ambitious goals than the first.

Rio Real Estate Shielded from Burst
January 4, 2011 – The Rio Times
Real estate prices have risen significantly in Rio de Janeiro since it was announced that Brazil would host the 2014 World Cup and 2016 Olympic Games. Prices are also driven by an emerging middle class in Brazil with access to credit for the very first time. Some spectators have rumored that a real estate boom and bust cycle is near. In this article, I explain why the boom and bust is unlikely.

Older publications:

UA Community Voices Opinion of Tibet-China conflict – See front page
March 31, 2008 – The Arkansas Traveler

Protests in the Streets of Sao Paulo (text only); Award-winning photography for this coverage (along with videos)
March 12, 2007 – The Arkansas Traveler

Celso Amorim: Brazil’s Minister of Foreign Relations named “top 100 global thinker”

Emile Phaneuf — Sun, 19 Dec 2010 02:01:45 +0000

Picture has been licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike. Original source: originally posted to Flickr as World Economic Forum

Foreign Policy magazine’s last edition of 2010 laid out the “Top 100 Thinkers of 2010.” This is a good year for Brazil. Not only has the country’s Minister of Foreign Relations, Celso Amorim, made the list, he scored 6th place – just after influential figures like Warren Buffet, Bill Gates, and Barack Obama. According to the magazine, Celso was chosen “for transforming Brazil into a global player.”

He has been instrumental in molding Brazil to become a key player in global politics. Under his careful planning, Brazil has reached out to form alliances in the developing world with countries like Russia, India, China (the BRICs), and the Middle East. The country also led a crucial (yet failed) role in the Doha Round and is currently seeking a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council. When asked why Brazil chooses to negotiate with countries such as Iran, Amorim mentions an important point: Brazil’s competitive advantage is peaceful negotiation. It shares borders with 10 countries yet hasn’t had a war in over 100 years. (The country has, however, used its military in a peacekeeping mission in Haiti in 2004 and even fought with the Allies in Italy in World War II).

But Amorim’s point is well-stated. Since finishing a 21-year military dictatorship in 1985, Brazil has taken great leaps toward stable democratization and has proved effective in peaceful negotiation.

Amorim’s academic and professional career is also impeccable. He is a graduate from the Instituto Rio Branco (where career diplomats must attend), studied at the Diplomatic Academy of Vienna (Diplomatische Akademie Wien), and did graduate studies at the London School of Economics and Political Science. He has also been a professor of Portuguese language, political science and international relations and has served as Brazil’s ambassador to both the United Nations and United Kingdom. But what I find most impressive about Foreign Minister Celso Amorim is his ability to handle intense scrutiny by arguing his points effectively under fire with the cameras rolling. In fact, he can do it fluently in English, French, Spanish and Portuguese. I’ve included just four of his multi-lingual interviews below to demonstrate his ability.

Interview with Le Monde (in French):

Interview with TV Senado (in Portuguese):

Interview with CNN en Español (in Spanish):

Interview with Al Jazeera’s Riz Khan (in English):

As a side note, Celso Amorim also has the world’s second-best beard – just after the Dos Equis beer company’s Most Interesting Man in the World character Jonathan Goldsmith.

See also:

Premiação do Ministro Celso Amorim pela revista Foreign Policy – Washington, 30 de novembro de 2010 - The Ministry of Foreign Relations (Itamaraty) brags of Celso Amorim’s new title as a “top 100 global thinker.” (Portuguese)
En la lista de los 100 pensadores del año no hay ningún argentino – Itamaraty brags that no Argentinians made it to the list! (Spanish)
“Innovative Leader of the Year” – Amorim earns himself yet another great title. This article by Latin Trade magazine.
Interview with Celso Amorim by Jonathan Dimbleby, BBC News’ HARDtalk
“The Soft Power Power” – Interview with Celso Amorim by Susan Glasser, Editor in Chief, Foreign Policy
“The world’s best foreign minister” – FP blog post by David Rothkopf
Gaining influence through use of foreign languages – European Commissioner José Manuel Durão Barroso’s foreign language ability

Resources for Brazilianists

Emile Phaneuf — Wed, 15 Dec 2010 08:06:46 +0000

International Trade & Business:

BrazilTradeNet – Brazil’s Trade and Investment Promotion Department – an arm of Itamaraty
ApexBrasil (Agência Brasileira de Promoção de Exportadores e Investimentos) – Brazil’s Trade and Investment Promotion Agency
SECEX (Secretaria da Receita Federal do Brasil) – Brazil’s federal government agency responsible for administration of taxes and customs control
ComprasNet – Brazil’s federal e-procurement portal
Brazil’s tax system – list of taxes and their definitions
WTO’s profile for Brazil
UN’s Integrated Database of Trade Disputes for Latin America and the Caribbean – Find trade disputes between Brazil and other members of the WTO or Mercosul
Página Brasileira do Mercosul – Brazil’s homepage for Mercosul issues
Mercado Comum do Sul (Mercosul/Mercosur) – Official homepage for the Southern Common Market
BBC’s Mercosul profile
Canal Mercosul – UOL claims this is the best and largest resource for the Mercosul
World Bank’s Doing Business 2011 profile for Brazil
US Commercial Service’s Country Commercial Guide for Brazil
UK Trade and Investment’s Doing Business in Brazil guide
The Heritage Foundation’s Index of Economic Freedom 2010 profile for Brazil
Foreign Investment in Brazil – A 2004 publication by a Brazilian law firm

Economics and Development:

Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA) – Brazil’s Institute of Applied Economic Research
Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento (PAC) – Brazil’s Growth Acceleration Program
Banco Nacional do Desenvolvimento (BNDES) – Brazilian Development Bank
Bolsa de Valores, Mercadorias & Futuros de São Paulo (BM&FBOVESPA) – The Brazilian Mercantile and Futures Exchange (BM&F) merged with São Paulo Stock Exchange (Bovespa)
Estados@ – Statistical data for Brazil’s 26 states and federal district (very nice!)
Banco Central do Brasil – Central Bank of Brazil
Copa 2014 – Brazil’s developmental plans for World Cup 2014
Jogos Rio 2016 – Brazil’s developmental plans for Olympic and Paralympic Games 2016
Rio 2016 – Rio de Janeiro’s developmental plans for Olympic and Paralympic Games 2016

International Relations and Politics:

Ministério das Relações Exteriores (Itamaraty) – Brazil’s Ministry of External Relations
Itamaraty’s Temas Políticos e Relações Bilaterais – Find bilateral agreements, statistics and international relations information for Brazil and other countries – great resource!
União de Nações Sul-Americanas (UNASUL/UNASUR) – Official homepage for the Union of South American Nations
Instituto Rio Branco – Brazil’s government-run graduate school of international relations and diplomatic academy in Brasília
Reporters Without Borders profile for Brazil
Freedom House’s Countries at the Crossroads 2010 profile for Brazil – A breakdown of freedoms in Brazil by category
CIA World Factbook profile for Brazil
Brazil’s government hierarchy (visual map)
Brazil’s government hierarchy (text)

Head of State:

President Elect Dilma Rousseff: official campaign biography (English, Spanish & Portuguese), full profile by VotoCerto.com (Portuguese), profile by BBC News, biography at UOL Educação (Portuguese), profile at O Globo (Portuguese), profile at Telegraph.co.uk
- Incumbent: President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva: official website (Portuguese), photo/bio (Portuguese)

Educational Resources:

PhD program in Luso-Afro-Brazilian Studies & Theory from University of Massachusetts Dartmouth
Graduate program with concentration in Luso-Brazilian Studies from University of Florida
Lemann Institute for Brazilian Studies at University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Organizations Dedicated to Individual Liberties and Free Markets in Brazil:

OrdemLivre.org – Part of the Atlas Economic Research Foundation
Instituto Ludwig von Mises Brasil

Other:

Portal da Transparência – Brazil’s Transparency Portal – (If you’re looking for government expenditures for specific programs, ministries, etc. this is the place to go!)
Certificado de Proficiência em Língua Portuguesa para Estrangeiros (Celpe-Bras) – Portuguese aptitude certification for foreigners offered by Brazil’s Ministry of Education (Ministério da Educação)
Histórica Brasileira – A historical resource covering colonial, imperial and the current republic
Petrobras – Brazil’s (mostly) state-owned oil & energy company
Eletrobras – Brazil’s power utility company
Índice de Transparência – A non-governmental organization which provides a transparency ranking index for Brazilian state governments and Brasília (the federal district)
Federal Institutions of Brazil (Wiki)
Brazilian government links – From the website of Consulate General of Brazil in Houston

See also:

International Relations vocabulary in Portuguese and Spanish

Emile Phaneuf — Wed, 10 Nov 2010 10:15:32 +0000

If you study Portuguese or Spanish and international relations (or related fields) this list could be of great use – especially if you are studying abroad and the host language is not your own. My methodology consisted of taking the glossary of terms from a slightly older version of this textbook and translating the terms one-by-one from English to Portuguese and Spanish using online dictionaries and Wiki. A huge thanks to Dr. Sergio Villalobos (native speaker from Chile) for checking/correcting the Spanish translations and to Ana Lúcia da Silva Kfouri (native speaker from Brazil) for checking/correcting the Portuguese translations and for setting them to the “reforma ortográfica” standard. And lastly, thank you to Joshua S. Goldstein and Jon C. Pevehouse for writing the book that made this list possible.

#	English	Português	Español
1	acid rain	chuva ácida	lluvia ácida
2	airspace	espaço aéreo	espacio aéreo
3	Al-Qaeda	Al-Qaeda	Al-Qaeda
4	Amnesty International	Anistia Internacional	Amnistía Internacional
5	anarchy	anarquia	anarquía
6	Antarctic Treaty (1959)	Tratado da Antártida	Tratado Antártico
7	arms race	corrida armamentista	carrera armamentista
8	autarky (self-reliance)	autarquia	autarquía
9	authoritarian(ism) (government)	autoritarismo	autoritarismo
10	balance of payments	balanço de pagamentos	balanza de pagos
11	balance of power	equilíbrio de poder	equilibrio de poder
12	balance of trade	balança comercial	balanza comercial
13	ballistic missiles	míssil balístico	misil balístico
14	bargaining	negociação	regateo
15	basic human needs	necessidades básicas do ser humano	necesidades básicas del ser humano
16	bilateral aid	ajuda bilateral	ayuda bilateral
17	biodiversity	biodiversidade	biodiversidad
18	Biological Weapons Convention (1972)	Convenção sobre Armas Biológicas	Convención sobre Armas Biológicas (BWC)
19	bipolar system, bipolar world, bipolarity	sistema bipolar, mundo bipolar, bipolaridade	sistema bipolar, mundo bipolar, bipolaridad
20	blue helmets (UN peacekeeping)	Forças de manutenção da paz das Nações Unidas	Fuerzas de paz de las Naciones Unidas, cascos azules
21	brain drain	fuga de cérebros / fluxo de talentos	fuga de cerebros
22	Bretton Woods system	Acordos de Bretton Woods	Acuerdos de Bretton Woods
23	burden sharing	repartição de encargos	reparto de la carga
24	capital accumulation	acúmulo de capital	acumulación del capital
25	capitalism	capitalismo	capitalismo
26	carrying capacity	capacidade de transporte	capacidad de carga
27	cartel	cartel	cartel/cártel
28	central bank	banco central	banco central
29	centrally planned (command) economy	economia planificada	economía centralizada, economía planificada
30	chain of command	cadeia de comando	cadena de mando
31	Chemical Weapons Convention (1992)	Convenção sobre Armas Químicas	Convención sobre Armas Químicas
32	Chernobyl	Chernobyl	Chernóbil
33	civil war	guerra civil	guerra civil
34	Cold War	Guerra Fria	Guerra Fría
35	Commission on Sustainable Development	Comissão para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável	Comisión para el Desarrollo Sustentable (CSD)
36	Common Agricultural Policy	Política Agrícola Comum da União Europeia	Política agrícola común de la Unión Europea
37	common market	mercado comum	mercado común
38	Commonwealth of Independent States	Comunidade dos Estados Independentes	Comunidad de Estados Independientes
39	comparative advantage	vantagens comparativas	ventaja comparativa
40	Comprehensive (Nuclear) Test Ban Treaty (1996)	Tratado de Interdição Completa de Ensaios Nucleares	Tratado de Prohibición Completa de los Ensayos Nucleares
41	conditionality	condicionalidade	condicionalidad
42	conflict	conflito	conflicto
43	conflict and cooperation	conflito e cooperação	conflicto y cooperación
44	conflict resolution	resolução de conflitos	resolución de conflictos (o conflictología)
45	constructivism	construtivismo	constructivismo
46	consumption goods	bens de consumo	bienes de consumo
47	containment	contenção	contención
48	Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE) Treaty (1990)	Tratado das Forças Armadas Convencionais da Europa (FACE)	Tratado de las Fuerzas Armadas Convencionales en Europa
49	convertible (currency)	moeda convertível	moneda convertible
50	cost-benefit analysis	análise de custo-benefício	análisis de costo-beneficio
51	Council of Ministers (or Council of the European Union)	Conselho da União Europeia, Conselho	Consejo de la Unión Europea (CUE)
52	counterinsurgency	contrainsurgência	contrainsurgencia
53	coup d’état	golpe de estado	golpe de estado
54	crimes against humanity	crimes contra a humanidade	crímenes contra la humanidad
55	cruise missile	míssil de cruzeiro	misil de cruzero
56	Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)	Crise dos mísseis de Cuba	Crisis de los misiles en Cuba
57	cultural imperialism	imperialismo cultural	imperialismo cultural
58	customs union	união aduaneira	unión aduanera
59	default	inadimplência	suspención de pagos
60	dehumanization	desumanização	deshumanización
61	democracy	democracia	democracia
62	democratic peace (theory)	teoria da paz democrática	teoría de la paz democrática
63	demographic transition	transição demográfica	transición demográfica
64	dependency theory	teoria da dependência	teoría de la dependencia
65	deterrence (theory)	teoria da intimidação	teoría de la disuasión
66	devaluation	desvalorização	devaluación
67	developing country	País em desenvolvimento, país emergente	país en desarrollo
68	Development Assistance Committee (DAC)	Comitê de Ajuda ao Desenvolvimento	Comité de Ayuda al Desarrollo
69	diplomatic immunity	imunidade diplomática	inmunidad diplomática
70	diplomatic recognition	reconhecimento diplomático	reconocimiento diplomático
71	direct foreign investment: See foreign direct investment	investimento estrangeiro direto	inversión extranjera directa
72	disaster relief	auxílio em desastres	administración de desastres
73	discount rate	taxa de desconto	tasa de descuento
74	Doha Development Round	Rodada Doha	Ronda de Doha
75	dumping	dumping	dumping
76	economic development	desenvolvimento econômico	desarrollo económico
77	economic surplus	excedente econômico	excedente económico
78	electronic warfare	guerra electrônica	guerra electrónica
79	empowerment (in development)	empowerment, delegação de autoridade	empoderamiento
80	enclosure (of the commons)	encercamento	cercamiento
81	ethnic cleansing	limpeza étnica	limpieza étnica
82	ethnic groups	grupo étnicos	grupo étnicos
83	ethnocentrism (in-group bias)	etnocentrismo	etnocentrismo
84	Euratom (European Atomic Energy Community, EAEC)	Comunidade Europeia da Energia Atômica	Comunidad Europea de la Energía Atómica
85	euro (currency)	euro	euro
86	European Commission	Comissão Europeia	Comisión Europea
87	European Court of Justice (ECJ)	Tribunal de Justiça da União Europeia	Tribunal de Justicia de las Comunidades Europeas, Tribunal de Justicia Europeo
88	European Parliament (or Europarl, EP)	Parlamento Europeu	Parlamento Europeo
89	European Union (EU)	União Europeia	Unión Europea
90	exchange rate	taxa de câmbio	tasa de cambio, tipo de cambio
91	(European) Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM)	Exchange Rate Mechanism (same as English) / Mecanismo de Taxa de Câmbio	Mecanismo de tasa de cambio, Mecanismo de Tipos de Cambio (MTC)
92	export-led growth	crescimento liderado pela exportação	crecimiento impulsado por exportaciones
93	fiscal policy	política fiscal	política fiscal
94	fixed exchange rate	taxa de câmbio fixa	tipo de cambio fijo
95	floating exchange rate	taxa de câmbio flutuante	tipos de cambio flotantes
96	foreign assistance	ajuda externa	ayuda extranjera, ayuda exterior
97	foreign direct investment	investimento estrangeiro direto (IED)	inversión extranjera directa
98	foreign policy process	processo de política externa	proceso de política exterior
99	fossil fuel	combustível fóssil	combustible fósil
100	“four [Asian] tigers”/”four dragons”	quatro tigres asiáticos	cuatro tigres asiáticos
101	free economic zones	zona franca	zona franca
102	free rider problem	problema free rider (taken from English)	problema del polizón
103	free trade	livre cambismo	librecambismo
104	free trade area	área de livre comércio, zona de livre comércio	área de libre comercio, tratado de libre comercio (TLC)
105	game theory	teoria dos jogos	teoría de juegos
106	General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)	Acordo Geral de Tarifas e Comércio	Acuerdo General sobre Aranceles Aduaneros y Comercio
107	Generalized System of Preferences (GSP)	Sistema Geral de Preferências (SGP)	Sistema Generalizado de Preferencias (SGP)
108	genocide	genocídio	genocidio
109	geopolitics	geopolítica	geopolítica
110	global culture	cultura global	cultura global
111	globalization	globalização	globalización
112	global warming	aquecimento global	calentamiento global
113	gold standard	padrão-ouro	patrón oro
114	great powers	grande potências	grandes potencias
115	greenhouse gases	gases do efeito estufa (GEE), gases estufa	gases de efecto invernadero (GEI), gases de invernadero
116	green revolution	revolução verde	revolución verde
117	Gross Domestic Product (GDP)	produto interno bruto (PIB)	producto interno bruto
118	groupthink	pensamento de grupo	pensamiento grupal, pensamiento de grupo
119	guerrilla war	guerrilha	guerra de guerrillas, guerrila, guevarismo
120	hard currency	moeda forte	moneda fuerte
121	hegemonic stability theory	teoria da estabilidade hegemônica	teoría de estabilidad hegemónica
122	hegemonic war	guerra mundial/hegemônica	guerra mundial
123	hegemony	hegemonia	hegemonía
124	high seas	alto mar	alta mar
125	home country	país de origem	país de origen
126	host country	país hóspede	país de acogida
127	human rights	direitos humanos	derechos humanos
128	humanitarian intervention	intervenção humanitária	injerencia humanitaria
129	hyperinflation	hiperinflação	hiperinflación
130	idealism	idealismo	idealismo
131	IMF conditionality	condicionalidade do FMI	condicionalidad del FMI
132	immigration law	lei de imigração	ley de inmigración
133	imperialism	imperialismo	imperialismo
134	import substitution	substituição de importações	sustitución de importaciones
135	industrialization	industrialização	industrialización
136	industrial policy	política industrial	política industrial
137	infant mortality rate	taxa de mortalidade infantil	tasa de mortalidad infantil
138	infantry	infantaria	infantería
139	intellectual property rights	direitos de propriedade intelectual	derechos de propiedad intelectual
140	Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM)	míssil balístico intercontinental (ICBM)	misil balístico intercontinental (ICBM)
141	interdependence	interdependência	interdependencia
142	interest groups	grupos de interesse	grupos de interés
143	intergovernmental organizations (IGOs)	organização internacional, organização intergovernamental	organismo internacional, organización intergubernamental (OIG)
144	International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)	Comitê Internacional da Cruz Vermelha (CICV)	Comité Internacional de la Cruz Roja (CICR)
145	International Court of Justice	Corte Internacional de Justiça, Tribunal Internacional de Justiça	Corte Internacional de Justicia, Tribunal Internacional de Justicia
146	international integration	integração internacional	integración internacional
147	International Monetary Fund (IMF)	Fundo Monetário Internacional (FMI)	Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI)
148	international norms	normas internacionais	normas internacionales
149	international organizations (IOs)	organizações internacionais	organizaciones internacionales
150	international political economy (IPE)	economia política internacional	economía política internacional
151	international regime	regime internacional	régimen internacional
152	international relations (IR)	relações internacionais (RI)	relaciones internacionales
153	international security	segurança internacional	seguridad internacional
154	international system	sistema internacional	sistema internacional
155	International Whaling Commission	Comissão Internacional da Baleia (Brasil), Comissão Baleeira Internacional (Portugal)	Comisión Ballenera Internacional (CBI)
156	investment	investimento	inversión
157	Iran-Contra scandal/affair	(escândalo/caso) Irã-Contras	(escándalo) Irán-Contra(s), Irangate
158	irredentism	irredentismo	irredentismo
159	Islam	Islã (Brasil), Islão (Portugal)	Islam
160	Islamic fundamentalism	fundamentalismo islâmico	fundamentalismo islámico
161	just war doctrine	teoria da guerra justa	teoría de la guerra justa
162	Keynesian economics	economia keynesiana, escola keynesiana	economía keynesiana, Keynesianismo
163	land mines	mina terrestre	mina terrestre
164	land reform	reforma agrária	reforma agraria
165	lateral pressure (theory of)	(Teoria da) pressão lateral	(teoría de la) presión lateral
166	League of Nations	Sociedade das Nações, Liga das Nações	Sociedad de Naciones (SDN)
167	less-developed countries	países menos desenvolvidos	países menos desarrollados
168	liberal feminism	feminismo liberal	feminismo liberal
169	liberalism (economic liberalism)	liberalismo econômico	liberalismo económico
170	lobby	lóbi, lobby, grupo de pressão	lobby, grupo de presión
171	Maastricht Treaty	Tratado de Maastricht	Tratado de Maastricht, Tratado de la Unión Europea
172	malnutrition, undernourishment	desnutrição	malnutrición, desnutrición
173	Maoism, Marxism-Leninism-Maoism	maoísmo, Pensamento de Mao Tse Tung, Marxismo-Leninismo-Maoísmo (MLM)	maoísmo, Pensamiento Mao Tse Tung, Marxismo-Leninismo-Maoísmo (MLM)
174	Marxism	Marxismo	Marxismo
175	mediation	mediação	mediación
176	mercantilism	mercantilismo	mercantilismo
177	microcredit	microcrédito	microcrédito
178	middle powers	média potência, potência média	potencia intermedia, potencia mediana, potencia media
179	migration	migração	migración
180	militarism	militarismo	militarismo
181	military governments	governos militares	gobiernos militares
182	military-industrial complex	complexo militar-industrial	complejo industrial-militar
183	Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR)	Regime de Controle de Tecnologia de Mísseis	Régimen de Control de la Tecnología de Misiles
184	mixed economy	economia mista	economía mixta
185	monetary policy	política monetária	política monetaria
186	Montreal Protocol (1987)	Protoloco Montreal	Protoloco de Montreal
187	most-favored nation (MFN)	nação mais favorecida	nación más favorecida
188	multinational corporation (MNC)	multinacional, empresa multinacional	multinacional, empresa multinacional
189	multipolar system, multipolar world, multipolarity	sistema multipolar, mundo multipolar, multipolaridade	sistema multipolar, mundo multipolar, multipolaridad
190	Munich Agreement (1938)	Acordo de Munique	Acuerdo de Múnich
191	mutually assured destruction (MAD)	Destruição Mútua Assegurada	Destrucción Mutua Asegurada
192	Nash equilibrium	Equilíbrio de Nash	equilibrio de Nash
193	national debt, government debt, public debt	dívida governamental, dívida pública	deuda nacional, deuda pública
194	national interest	interesse nacional	razón de Estado, interés nacional
195	nationalism	nacionalismo	nacionalismo
196	nation-states	Estado-nação	Estado-nación
197	NATO: See North Atlantic Treaty Organization	Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte (OTAN, NATO)	Organización del Tratado del Atlántico Norte (OTAN)
198	negotiation	negociação	negociación
199	neocolonialism	neocolonialismo	neocolonialismo
200	neofunctionalism	neofuncionalismo	neofuncionalismo
201	neoliberalism	neoliberalismo	neoliberalismo
202	neorealism	neo-realismo, neorrealismo	neorrealismo
203	New International Economic Order (NIEO)	Nova Ordem Econômica Internacional	Nuevo Orden Económico Internacional (NOEI)
204	new world order	nova ordem mundial	nuevo orden mundial
205	nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)	organizações não governamentais (ONG), organizações não governamentais sem fins lucrativos	organización no gubernamental (ONG)
206	Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (1968)	Tratado de Não-Proliferação Nuclear	Tratado de No Proliferación Nuclear
207	nonstate actors	atores não-estatais	actores no estatales
208	nontariff barriers	barreiras não-tarifárias	barreras no arancelarias
209	nonviolence/pacifism	não-violência/pacifismo	no violencia, no-violencia/pacifismo
210	norms (of behavior)	normas de comportamento	normas de comportamiento
211	North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)	Tratado Norte-Americano de Livre Comércio	Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN, TLC, NAFTA)
212	North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)	Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte (OTAN, NATO)	Organización del Tratado del Atlántico Norte (OTAN)
213	oil shock, oil crisis	crise do petróleo	crisis del petróleo
214	Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)	Organização dos Países Exportadores de Petróleo (OPEP, OPEC)	Organización de Países Exportadores de Petróleo (OPEP)
215	ozone layer	ozonosfera, camada de ozônio	ozonosfera, capa de ozono
216	Paris Club	Clube de Paris	Club de París
217	Peace Corps	Corpo da Paz	Cuerpo de Paz
218	peace movements	movimentos pacifistas	movimientos pacifistas, movimientos de paz
219	political asylum, right of asylum	asilo político, direito de asilo	asilo político, derecho de asilo
220	postmodernism, postmodernity	pós-modernismo, pós-modernidade	postmodernismo, postmodernidad
221	power	poder	poder
222	prisoner of war (POW)	prisioneiro de guerra	prisionero de guerra (PDG)
223	prisoners’ dilemma	dilema do prisioneiro	dilema del prisionero
224	proliferation	proliferação	proliferación
225	pronatalist policy	política pró-natalista, política pró-natalidade	políticas pronatalistas, política pro-natalidad
226	prospect theory	teoria do prospecto	teoría de perspectivas
227	protectionism	protecionismo	proteccionismo
228	proxy wars	guerra proxy	guerra por proxy, guerra subsidiaria
229	Qur’an, Koran	Alcorão, Corão	Alcorán, Corán
230	rational actor theory, rational choice theory	Teoria do ator racional, teoria a escolha racional	teoría de la elección racional
231	realism, political realism	realismo, realismo político	realismo, realismo político
232	reciprocity	reciprocidade	reciprocidad
233	refugee	refugiado	refugiado
234	reserve currency	moeda de reserva	moneda de reserva
235	retaliation	retaliação, talião	retaliación, revancha
236	risk assessment	avaliação de risco	evaluación de riesgo
237	secular state	estado laico, estado secular	estado laico
238	service sector, service industry, tertiary sector	setor terciário	sector de servicios, sector terciario
239	Single European Act (SEA) (1957)	Ato Único Europeu (AUE)	Acta Única Europea (AUE)
240	Sino-Soviet split	Ruptura Sino-Soviética	Ruptura Sino-Soviética
241	socialism	socialismo	socialismo
242	sovereignty	soberania	soberanía
243	Special Drawing Right (SDR)	Direito de Saque Especial (DSE)	Derechos Especiales de Giros (DEG)
244	state	Estado	Estado
245	state-sponsored terrorism	terrorismo patrocinado pelo Estado	terrorismo patrocinado por el Estado
246	stealth technology	tecnologia stealth, tecnologia furtiva	tecnología furtiva, tecnología stealth
247	Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)	Iniciativa Estratégica de Defesa	Iniciativa de Defensa Estratégica (IDE)
248	subsistence farming	agricultura de subsistência	agricultura de subsistencia
249	subtext	subtexto	subtexto
250	summit meeting	cimeira / reunião de cúpula	cumbre
251	supranationalism	supranacionalidade	supranacionalidad
252	Taliban	Talibã	Talibán
253	tariff	tarifa	arancel
254	technology transfer	transferência de tecnologia	transferencia de tecnología
255	territorial waters	mar territorial	mar territorial
256	third world	terceiro mundo	tercer mundo
257	tit for tat	olho por olho, lei de talião	ojo por ojo, ley del talión
258	total war	guerra total	guerra total
259	tragedy of the commons	tragédia dos comuns	tragedia de los comunes
260	Treaty/Treaties of Rome (1957)	Tratado(s) de Roma	Tratado(s) de Roma
261	United Nations (UN), United Nations Organization (UNO)	Nações Unidas (NU), Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU)	Naciones Unidas (NU), Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU)
262	UN Charter	Carta das Nações Unidas	Carta de las Naciones Unidas
263	UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)	Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre o Direito do Mar	Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Derecho del Mar (CNUDM), Convención sobre el Derecho del Mar, Convención del Mar
264	UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)	Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre Comércio e Desenvolvimento (UNCTAD)	Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre Comercio y Desarrollo (CNUCYD, UNCTAD)
265	UN Development Programme (UNDP)	Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD)	Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD)
266	UN Environment Program (UNEP)	Programa das Nações Unidas para o Meio Ambiente (PNUMA)	Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente (PNUMA)
267	UN General Assembly (UNGA/GA)	Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas (AGNU)	Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas
268	UN Secretariat	secretário geral/secretariado das Nações Unidas	secretario general/secretaría general de Naciones Unidas
269	UN Security Council (UNSC)	Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas	Consejo de Seguridad de Naciones Unidas
270	undernourishment: See malnutrition
271	urbanization	urbanização	urbanización
272	Uruguay Round	Rodada do Uruguai	Ronda de Uruguay
273	war crime	crime de guerra	crimen de guerra
274	Warsaw Pact, Warsaw Treaty	Pacto de Varsóvia, Tratado de Varsóvia	Pacto de Varsovia
275	weapon of mass destruction (WMD)	arma de destruição em massa (ADM)	armas de destrucción masiva (ADM)
276	World Bank	Banco Mundial	Banco Mundial (BM)
277	World Court: See International Court of Justice
278	world government	governo mundial	gobierno mundial
279	World Health Organization (WHO)	Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS)	Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS)
280	world-system theory	Teoria do Sistema-Mundo, teoria de sistemas mundiais	sistemas mundiales, teoría del sistema mundial
281	World Trade Organization (WTO)	Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC)	Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC)
282	zero-sum games	jogo de soma zero	juego de suma cero

Resources:

1. The university Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro holds a blog in which they provide international relations terms and definitions. The site is entirely in Portuguese and no cross-language translations are given.

2. Thomson Wadsworth publishing offers a list of translations of political science terms from English to Spanish. Very few of these are specifically related to international relations (IR), but they are related nonetheless.

potencia mediana

Official websites for heads of state

Emile Phaneuf — Mon, 01 Nov 2010 17:49:50 +0000

While role playing with international politics I often ask myself what a head of state’s next political move will be. As with any competitive game, it is imperative to know your opponent. I’ve recently come across a few official websites (and even blogs) of heads of state for various countries. These websites contain everything from photos of political leaders, to information on their upbringing, to (in the case of Ahmadinejad) blog posts containing their individual thoughts and aspirations. This is not an ongoing project but rather a compilation of resources for those like me who enjoy political psychology.

Brazil – President Elect Dilma Rousseff: official campaign biography (English, Spanish & Portuguese), full profile by VotoCerto.com (Portuguese), profile by BBC News, biography at UOL Educação (Portuguese), profile at O Globo (Portuguese), profile at Telegraph.co.uk, long list of promisesRousseff made on her electoral campaign
- Incumbent: President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva: official website (Portuguese), photo/bio (Portuguese)
China (People’s Republic of) – Premier Wen Jiabao: unknown official website, bio at China Vitae
France – President Nicolas Sarkozy: official website (French), bio by CIDOB Foundation (Spanish)
Germany – Chancellor Angela Merkel: official website, personal website (German)
India – Prime Minister Manmohan Singh: official website, official profile, CV
Israel – Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu: official website, unofficial bio
Iran – Supreme Leader (Ayatollah) Ali Khamenei: official website, official bio, profile at BBC News, video archive
Iran – President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad: official website, personal blog
Japan – Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama: official website (Japanese)
Mexico – President Felipe Calderón: official website (Spanish)
North Korea (DPRK) – Kim Jong-il: official bio, publications by Kim Jong-Il, bio at About.com, profile at BBC News, profile at The Guardian, bio and photos at GlobalSecurity.org. The DPRK government also maintains an official website here.
Panama – President Ricardo Martinelli: official website (Spanish), bio by CIDOB Foundation (Spanish), bio at tupolitica.com (Spanish)
Russia – President Dmitry Medvedev: official website, photos/bio
Russia – Prime Minister Vladimir Putin: official website, bio
United Kingdom – Prime Minister Gordon Brown: official website
United States – President Barack Obama: profile at whitehouse.gov, biography at senate.gov campaign website
Venezuela – President Hugo Chavez: official website (Spanish), Aló Presidente (Spanish), profile at BBC News, FRONTLINE documentary: The Hugo Chavez Show

Lonely Planet “Thank You’s”

Emile Phaneuf — Fri, 30 Jul 2010 04:34:34 +0000

For those who enjoy using Lonely Planet travel guides from time to time when traveling internationally, you may enjoy this like I did. When I’m abroad and realize that bus routes, for example, have changed from the last print of the book I always email Lonely Planet the updates. Lonely Planet nicely mentions names of people who help in this fashion in a “Thank you” section at the end of the guidebooks. For fun, I’ve randomly shown off my name to friends while in bookstores a couple of times in the past.

So far my name has been listed in the:

2005 publication of Lonely Planet Kyoto (page 203; no preview available),
2006 publication of Lonely Planet Japan (page 791),
2006 publication of Lonely Planet Japón (Spanish version of previous book; unknown page; no preview available),
2010 publication of Lonely Planet South America on a Shoestring (page 1041).

I guess I’ll say a “Thank you” to Google for letting me know that I was mentioned in the 2010 LP South America guidebook when I googled my name.

Ordinal numerals in Portuguese and Spanish

Emile Phaneuf — Tue, 05 Jan 2010 09:00:04 +0000

When we typically think of numbers and counting, we think in terms of cardinal numerals (one, two, three, etc). Ordinal numerals, however, are numbers used to express a level of degree or quality (first, second third).

After searching the internet for some time time for one good list of ordinal numberals in English, Portuguese and Spanish I came up short. I was able to find numeral lists for each on many websites, but I didn’t come across an all-inclusive list that could be used for quick reference. I’ve compiled them together here for anyone that may find this useful.

English	Português	Español
1st / first	1º / primeiro, ra	1.º / primero, ra
2nd / second	2º / segundo, da	2.º / segundo, da
3rd / third	3º / terceiro, ra	3.º / tercero, ra
4th / fourth	4º / quarto, ta	4.º / cuarto, ta
5th / fifth	5º / quinto, ta	5.º / quinto, ta
6th / sixth	6º / sexto, ta	6.º / sexto, ta
7th / seventh	7º / sétimo, ma	7.º / séptimo, ma
8th / eighth	8º / oitavo, va	8.º / octavo, va
9th / ninth	9º / nono, na	9.º / noveno, na
10th / tenth	10º / décimo, ma	10.º / décimo, ma
11th / eleventh	11º / undécimo, ma (ou décimo primeiro, ra)	11.º / undécimo, ma (o decimoprimero, ra; onceno, na)
12th / twelth	12º / duodécimo, ma (ou décimo segundo, da)	12º / duodécimo, ma (o decimosegundo, na; doceno, na)
13th / thirteenth	13º / tredécimo, ma (ou décimo terceiro, ra)	13.º / decimotercero, ra; (decimotercio, cia)
14th / fourteenth	14º / décimo quarto, ta	14.º / decimocuarto, ta
15th / fifteenth	15º / décimo quinto, ta	15.º / decimoquinto, ta
16th / sixteenth	16º / décimo sexto, ta	16.º / decimosexto, ta
17th / seventeenth	17º / décimo sétimo, ma	17.º / decimoséptimo, ma
18th / eighteenth	18º / décimo oitavo, va	18.º / decimoctavo, va
19th / nineteenth	19º / décimo nono, na	19.º / decimonoveno, na

20th / twentieth	20º / vigésimo, ma	20.º / vigésimo, ma
21st / twenty-first	21º / vigésimo primeiro, ra	21.º / vigésimo primero, ra
22nd / twenty-second	22º / vigésimo segundo, da	22.º / vigésimo segundo, da
23rd / twenty-third	23º / vigésimo terceiro, ra	23.º / vigésimo tercero, ra

30th / thirtieth	30º / trigésimo, ma	30.º / trigésimo, ma
31st / thirty-first	31º / trigésimo primeiro, ra	31.º / trigésimo primero, ra
32nd / thirty-second	32º / trigésimo segundo, da	32.º / trigésimo segundo, da
33rd / thirty-third	33º / trigésimo terceiro, ra	33.º / trigésimo tercero, ra

40th / fortieth	40º / quadragésimo, ma	40.º / cuadragésimo, ma
41st / forty-first	41º / quadragésimo primeiro, ra	41.º / cuadragésimo primero, ra
42nd / forty-second	42º / quadragésimo segundo, da	42.º / cuadragésimo segundo, da
43rd / forty-third	43º / quadragésimo terceiro, ra	43.º / cuadragésimo tercero, ra

50th / fiftieth	50º / quinquagésimo, ma	50.º / quincuagésimo, ma
51st / fifty-first	51º / quinquagésimo primeiro, ra	51.º / quincuagésimo primero, ra
52nd / fifty-second	52º / quinquagésimo segundo, da	52.º / quincuagésimo segundo, da
53rd / fifty-third	53º / quinquagésimo terceiro, ra	53.º / quincuagésimo tercero, ra

60th / sixtieth	60º / sexagésimo, ma	60.º / sexagésimo, ma
61st / sixty-first	61º / sexagésimo primeiro, ra	61.º / sexagésimo primero, ra
62nd / sixty-second	62º / sexagésimo segundo, da	62.º / sexagésimo segundo, da
63rd / sixty-third	63º / sexagésimo terceiro, ra	63.º / sexagésimo tercero, ra

70th / seventieth	70º / septuagésimo, ma	70.º / septuagésimo, ma
71st / seventy-first	71º / septuagésimo primeiro, ra	71.º / septuagésimo primero, ra
72nd / seventy-second	72º / septuagésimo segundo, da	72.º / septuagésimo segundo, da
73rd / seventy-third	73º / septuagésimo terceiro, ra	73.º / septuagésimo tercero, ra

80th / eightieth	80º / octogésimo, ma	80.º / octogésimo, ma
81st / eighty-first	81º / octogésimo primeiro, ra	81.º / octogésimo primero, ra
82nd / eighty-second	82º / octogésimo segundo, da	82.º / octogésimo segundo, da
83th / eighty-third	83º / octogésimo terceiro, ra	83.º / octogésimo tercero, ra

90th / ninetieth	90º / nonagésimo, ma	90.º / nonagésimo, ma
91st / ninety-first	91º / nonagésimo primeiro, ra	90.º / nonagésimo primero, ra
92nd / ninety-second	92º / nonagésimo segundo, da	90.º / nonagésimo segundo, da
93rd / ninety-third	93º / nonagésimo terceiro, ra	90.º / nonagésimo tercero, ra

100th / one-hundredth	100º / centésimo, ma	100.º / centésimo, ma
200th / two-hundredth	200º / ducentésimo, ma	200.º / ducentésimo, ma
300th / three-hundredth	300º / tricentésimo, ma (ou trecentésimo)	300.º / tricentésimo, ma
400th / four-hundredth	400º / quadringentésimo, ma	400.º / cuadringentésimo, ma
500th / five-hundredth	500º / quingentésimo, ma	500.º / quingentésimo, ma
600th / six-hundredth	600º / sexcentésimo, ma (ou seiscentésimo)	600.º / sexagentésimo, ma
700th / seven-hundredth	700º / septingentésimo, ma	700.º / septingentésimo, ma
800th / eight-hundredth	800º / octingentésimo, ma	800.º / octingentésimo, ma
900th / nine-hundredth	900º / noningentésimo, ma (ou nongentésimo)	900.º / noningentésimo, ma

1000th / (one) thousandth	1000º / milésimo, ma	1000.º / milésimo, ma
2000th / two-thousandth	2000º / dois milésimo, ma
3000th / three-thousandth	3000º / três milésimo, ma

1,000,000th / millionth	1.000.000º / milionésimo, ma	1.000.000.º / millonésimo, ma

1,000,000,000th / billionth	1.000.000.000º / bilionésimo, ma	1.000.000.000.º / bilionésimo, ma

Game theory, prisoners’ dilemma, and Nash equilibrium

Emile Phaneuf — Tue, 22 Dec 2009 07:09:21 +0000

These collections of videos explain game theory – a game in which you can strategize your best move for a desired outcome. This two or more person game also evaluates your opponent’s move and how you can map both players’ corresponding outcomes mathematically. Once you have a firm understanding of how this works you can integrate game theory into a vast array of decision making scenarios for everyday living and human interaction. It is widely used in political science, economics, and related fields.

A bright college kid explains game theory basics (includes explanation of Nash equilibrium):

Here is a game theory documentary. The videos’ owner disabled the ability to incorporate them into websites like mine:

Video 1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qzNcY-gZdiA
Video 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CdJUGM2mi9I
Video 3: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vsh6-GN-9Q0
Video 4: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LQasVtB_UOo

The prisoners’ dilemma explained:

It’s important to learn how game theory can help you in everyday life. Michael Anuzis used it to negotiate a pay raise with his boss – going from US$12 an hour to US$300 an hour. Outrageous? When you watch the video, you’ll see how the math just makes sense:

If you’d like to expand upon game theory, you can do so for free from Yale University via it’s YouTube channel. As of the time of this blog posting there are twenty-four lectures, each over an hour long. I’ve started watching them and have found them to be quite enjoyable.

And lastly, for a great film, see A Beautiful Mind with Russel Crowe. The film demonstrates how John Forbes Nash came up with the idea of what is now known as “Nash equilibrium” while contemplating the best method to pick up girls in a bar with his mates.

How to deal with a nuclear Iran: Military action vs. deterrence

Emile Phaneuf — Fri, 09 Oct 2009 07:00:31 +0000

Much of the West argue the best way to deter Iran from gaining the capability of building a nuclear weapon. The fact that Iran’s President, Mahmūd Ahmadinejâd, denies the Holocaust ever happened and wants Israel taken off the map only complicates the matter.

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) claims the country may already be working toward building nukes for military use.

So how does the West deal with a nuclear Iran? Military force? Deterrence?

It might surprise you how successful deterrence has already been in the 20th century in dealing with seemingly irrational governments and their possession of nuclear weapons. I leave you with this two part heated debate between CNN’s Fareed Zararia and Norman Podhoretz.

And finally, a much newer recording of Zakaria’s take on the Iran issue:

Also worth noting: Iran’s highest valued monetary note (50,000 rials) contains a nuclear symbol on the back side:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/fc/50000_IRR_reverse.jpg

US Congress vs the UK House of Commons

Emile Phaneuf — Fri, 11 Sep 2009 14:45:02 +0000

In September, ’09 Republican Congressman Joe Wilson from South Carolina received widespread media criticism for outbursting, “You lie!” during President Obama’s speech to Congress. The speech was in defense of the controversial health care plan, and the outburst came about when Obama denied “he had… proposed providing coverage to illegal immigrants” (Newsweek). Shortly thereafter, Wilson submitted a formal and public apology to the Obama administration per request of the Republican Party. News sources from around the world accused Wilson of acting “in a manner unbecoming of a member of Congress”. But is this really unbecoming for a US congressman? Well, probably so, but only because of the social norms set in the US Congressional system of etiquette. This blog post is not intended to denounce nor defend Wilson. But when I heard the news I couldn’t help laugh when I compared the US Congressional system of etiquette to that of the UK House of Commons. In the House of Commons, outbursts like these are expected and even encouraged. See the video below for a humorous example:

In 2002, Robin Williams compared the UK House of Commons to “Congress with a two drink minimum” in his Live on Broadway act.